lab+4+english+2

=Earthquakes_cause_effects= Identifying causes and effects in texts.

1. Most earthquakes  are __caused by__ the sudden slip along geologic faults . The faults slip __because of__ movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates .

2. But in some locations, where the friction between the plates is too great, whole sections become stuck against each other. As the rest of a plate keeps moving, the pressure on the stuck sections increases.

3. Volcanic earthquakes  are __caused by__ the upward movement of magma under the volcano , which strains the rock locally and leads to an earthquake .

4. Earthquakes  __also occur when__ <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">human activities <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">, such as the filling of reservoirs, increase stress in the Earth’s crust.

5. <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Scientists have determined that as water level in a reservoir increases, water pressure in pores inside the rocks along local faults also increases.

6. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana;">Most of the damage from an earthquake is __caused by__ <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana;">the shaking of the ground as waves of energy pass through it.

7. <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">On the surface of the Earth, <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Rayleigh waves <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"> __cause__ <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">rock particles to move forward, up, backward, and down in a path that contains the direction of the wave travel <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">.

8. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana;">More destruction comes from the ground rupturing either vertically or horizontally as few buildings can withstand being torn apart __by__ such movement at the surface.

9. If <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana;">the ground moves in waves that come at the same frequency as the motion of the still-swaying building, __then__ <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana;">the stress on the structure will be greatly increased

10. After the spectacular collapse of eight highway bridges during the Loma Prieta and Northridge earthquakes, the California Department of Transportation accelerated its program of retrofitting bridges throughout the state.


 * the causes <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana;">in red
 * effects <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana;">in yellow
 * signal words __are underline__

media type="custom" key="4060201"